IFNG and infection: Whereas unprimed BMDMs exposed to E. coli K-12 failed to undergo marked cell death at 8 hpi across a broad range of multiplicities of infection (MOIs), we found that IFN-γ-primed wild-type but not GBPchr3−/− or Casp11−/− BMDMs rapidly succumbed to E. coli-triggered cell death, as measured by lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) release (Fig. 1A) or host cell nuclear incorporation of propidium iodide (Fig. 1B).