Remarkably, several studies in chronic ischemic or nonischemic HF animal models have reported that gene transfection of hepatocyte growth factor promotes angiogenesis and decreases fibrosis and apoptosis, attenuating cardiac remodeling and improving myocardial remodeling, perfusion, and contractile function.41–45 Furthermore, MSCs share several biological properties with endothelial cells, enabling them to contribute to angiogenesis. The gene discussed is HGF; the disease is hydrops fetalis.