MAPK8 and cancer: To elucidate the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved in the context-specific phenotypes observed in GBM cells exposed to unprimed or primed glial cells CM, we examined the activation of three major signaling pathways typically activated in GBM, which are known to regulate cell viability, cell death and migration capacity of cancer cells (reviewed in [31–33]): ERK, JNK and AKT.