IRS1 and cancer: Many cancer-related pathways have been involved in miR-7-associated regulations, such as directly down-regulated oncogenic factors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [50], mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) [42], Yin Yang 1 (YY1) [44], insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) [50], phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) [51], Raf1 [51], Ack1 [48], P21-activated kinase-1 (Pak1) [52] and PA28γ [53].