Many factors involved in the progress of CKD, such as urinary toxins, infections, dialysis treatment, and excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system, can cause diverse types of DNA damage response (DDR) and accelerate the ageing process of tubular epithelial cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, progenitor cells, and stem cells [13–17]. This evidence concerns the gene REN and chronic kidney disease.