Ishikawa cells, an endometrial cancer cell line, were also used as a positive control, since treatment of the cells with TGF-β1 had previously resulted in the apparent increased expression of LEFTY and pSmad2, along with the induction of the p21waf1 and p27kip1 expression (Supplementary Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1B and endometrial cancer.