Importantly, the overexpression of LEFTY appeared to contribute to the inhibition of aggressive growth in OCCCa, in line with a report showing that blocking TGF-β1 action by LEFTY overexpression may hinder aggressive tumor growth or lead to tumor regression.[19] This conclusion is supported by our observations of significantly decreased Ki-67 LI values in OCCCa with high LEFTY expression, as well as decreased LEFTY expression in postoperatively recurrent tumors. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.