Consistently with results from the Validation #1 study, the BRIP1 ‘AAA’ haplotype was associated with an increased risk of HCC (EM frequency in cases, 28%; EM frequency in controls, 6%; odds ratio, 6.45; 95% CI, 4.17 to 9.99; P=5.82×10−20; FDR-P=2.33×10−19) (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene BRIP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.