STAT1 and STAT4 have previously been shown to be associated with active trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis infection, and STAT1 was upregulated in cervical epithelial cells infected with C. trachomatis in vitro which was found to inhibit chlamydial growth (Lad et al., 2005; Natividad et al., 2010). Here, STAT1 is linked to inclusion conjunctivitis.