Unlike mouse melanoma models, where tumour intrinsic Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to T-cell exclusion from the tumour [23], we observed that patients with activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling can have normal or high levels of INIF, but that this is predominantly CD8+/FOXP3+ low, consistent with a dysfunctional T-cell response. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.