Transgenic overexpression of TRX and the systemic administration of recombinant human thioredoxin (rhTRX) are effective in a wide variety of in vivo inflammatory disease models, such as viral pneumonia, acute lung injury, pancreatitis, myocarditis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and indomethacin-induced gastric injury (Figure 2). Here, TXN is linked to myocarditis.