In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between the plasma vitamin D concentrations and the circulating levels of type I and II collagens C-telopeptides’ degradation products (CTx-I and CTx-II, respectively), as markers of osteocartilaginous damage, and the presence of specific genotypes/alleles in the VDR polymorphic sites in a cohort of Italian males affected by two LBP-related conditions, osteochondrosis and disc herniation/discopathy without osteochondrosis, versus healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and Osteochondrosis.