MKI67 and neoplasm: As shown in Figure 5(A): Ki-67-positive cells percentage was 82.62 ± 7.6% and 78.7 ± 5.8% in the NS group and PCEC group respectively, while GEF (24.9 ± 3.1%) and GEF-NPs (15.2 ± 2.8%) treatment induced a significant decrease of tumor proliferation compared with NS group (p < .01), with GEF-NPs showing better outcomes compared with the GEF group (p < .05), consistent with the tumor growth curve.