There is, however, precedent insofar as necroptosis occurs independent of TNF in the context of infection with S. Typhimurium as well.35 Finally, the importance of necroptosis as a fundamental aspect of tularemia pathogenesis is supported by the findings that necrostatin-1 treatment of Ft-infected mice results in significantly decreased lung bacterial burden and pathology scores, and increased survival following lethal challenge.41 This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.