As a major component of the tumor microenvironment, TAMs act in cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis through processes such as EMT by producing or activating various factors including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and important inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as IL-6, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-8 (102). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.