Treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators may increase the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events (Barrett-Connor et al., 2006), while prolonged use of bisphosphonates has been associated with severe gastrointestinal discomfort, atypical femoral fracture, and osteonecrosis of the jaw (Fleisch, 2003; Yarom et al., 2007; Lenart et al., 2008; Abrahamsen et al., 2009). Here, ESR1 is linked to Stroke.