The aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaf protects pancreas against ROS-mediated damage by enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses and minimizing hyperglycemia in STZ- and HFD-induced diabetes might be due to the enhancement of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes (Supplementary Figure S1). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.