TGFB1 and colitis: To investigate the mechanism of lactate-induced resolution of colitis, we measured the expression of TGF-β, which was reported to play important role in the epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel disease.(19) However, we did not find difference between lactate group and control group; Mean ± SD of relative expression of lactate group and control group were 1.17 ± 0.47 (n = 6) and 1.00 ± 0.59 (n = 7), respectively.