ACOX1 and fatty liver disease: Once activated, PPARα would bind to the DNA-bonding site of the down-stream genes in the form of PPAR-RXR heterodimer, thus regulate key fatty acid oxidation enzymes, such as ACOX1, CPT-I, CPT-II, etc.(30) The synthetic PPARα agonists are widely used in clinical to lower plasma lipid and improve fatty liver.(31) While ablation of PPARα gene could increase susceptibility to NAFLD in high fat-induced rats.(32) As shown in our study, the level of PPARα was lower in NAFLD rat liver, while soy isoflavone increased the protein expression of PPARα.