TGFB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Like sporadic and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome), IBD-CRCs with microsatellite instability have a higher frequency (57 to 76%) of mutations in TGFBR2. Consequently, mutations in TGFBR2 in dysplastic tissues that result in loss of TGF-β signaling play a role in the development of CRC (11).