Previous studies have demonstrated successful visualization of TF expressed in pancreatic or breast cancer models by PET imaging with a full-length anti-human TF antibody48, its antigen-binding fragment (Fab)49, a bispecific heterodimer composed of anti-human TF and anti-human/murine CD105 Fab fragments50,51 and an active site-inhibited factor VIIa52,53, and proposed that PET imaging of TF can be used for assessing disease stage and progression in patients with malignancy and used as a companion diagnostics for TF-targeted therapies. The gene discussed is ENG; the disease is breast cancer.