As evidenced in these studies, however, the combination of our cytokine/chemokine analyses, flow cytometry data, transcriptome profile, and the observed rapid internalization of CD3 suggests that EBOV possesses a “superagonist-like” activity, as activation is observed in the absence of detectable viral infection/replication in CD4+ T cells or the Jurkat cell line, indicating TCR-independent activation. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and viral infectious disease.