SHOX and Turner syndrome: In 1997, Rao et al. isolated the SHOX gene within a region in the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) that was deleted in multiple individuals with short stature, but not deleted in relatives with normal stature [3], at around the same time that Ellison et al. isolated a gene from the PAR region that was a candidate gene for the short stature of Turner syndrome [4]; both eventually would be identified as the SHOX gene.