LOX and neoplasm: When examining cytoplasmic immunostaining patterns of LOX, we observed higher levels of LOX expression in primary tumour tissue (79% of 77 (non-RT), and 83% of 60 (RT)) compared to normal mucosa (32% of 62 (non-RT), and 63% of 54 (RT)) for both non-RT (P < 0.001) and RT (P = 0.014) patients (Figure 2A, Supplementary Figure 1A).