ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis: All DDOST+/− mice exhibited hepatocellular enlargement and ballooning, clusters of lobular plasma cells, increased inflammatory infiltration and an abundance of rarefied cytoplasm in hepatocytes (Fig. 1B), as well as increases in hepatic fibrosis exhibited by increased Sirius Red staining and positive α-SMA staining, respectively, (Fig. 1C and D).