In addition, increase in ATP production and metabolic enzymes including HK2, PDK1 and LDHA, respectively, were observed in lnc-IGFBP4–1-overexpressing cells, raising the possibility that lnc-IGFBP4–1 may be a promising new biomarker and therapeutic target for LC. This evidence concerns the gene LDHA and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.