TNF and cancer: Increased glycolysis promotes cancer cell invasion by altering the pH of the tumor microenvironment and upregulating matrix metalloprotease activity and activating the intracellular signaling.43, 44 We showed that TNFα treatment elevated the cellular glycolysis of breast cancer cells and promoted cell migration, whereas HK2 knockdown mitigated migration induced by TNFα or macrophage CM, indicating glucose metabolism might be a key cellular event that links inflammation and migration.