PIVKA-II/DCP is detectable in people with deficiency of vitamin K (due to poor nutrition or malabsorption) and in those taking warfarin or other medication that inhibits the action of vitamin K. PIVKA-II/DCP has recently been used in general population studies [16, 17]; however, the commercially available assays have low sensitivity for detecting enough variation in PIVK-II concentrations in healthy populations [12]. Here, ACE is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.