IL1B and depressive symptom measurement: Also, instead of acting directly, microglia may first activate the inflammasomes in more glial cells, in turn releasing an IL-1 family of cytokines, causing neuroinflammation and depression (Arend et al., 2008; Chakraborty et al., 2010; Alcocer-Gómez et al., 2013; Zhang Y. et al., 2014), and this could be an ongoing process in psychiatric patients (Hohmann et al., 2014).