Gauglhofer et al showed that upregulation of FGFR4 in vitro promotes an aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing invasion and tumourigenicity and downregulation of FGFR4 with si-RNA mediated knockdown or kinase-dead FGFR4 or soluble FGFR4 had the exact opposite results with decreased viability, invasion and tumour formation [35]. This evidence concerns the gene FGFR4 and neoplasm.