C1QBP and infection: It is an evolutionary conserved and ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein and has been reported to be a predominantly mitochondrial matrix protein involved in inflammation and infection processes, mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis, regulation of apoptosis and nuclear transcription, and pre-mRNA splicing.9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 By analyzing a C1QBP-knockout (KO) mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that a main function of C1QBP is a combined respiratory-chain complex deficiency due to severely impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis.16