TNF and Insulin resistance: Furthermore, Nlrp3−/−-HFHC mice increased fat mass and adipose tissue inflammation (MAC-2 positive staining and gene expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 in adipose tissue), indicating the occurrence of “inflamed” adipose tissue and the development of adipose tissue insulin-resistance, that is associated with fatty acids overflow and hepatic fat accumulation as a consequence50,51.