MST1R and neoplasm: However, in breast and prostate cancer epithelial cells and tumors, our laboratory has also shown that epithelial HGFL-RON signaling stimulates the activation of NF-κB by increasing the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and NF-κB while reducing IκBα accumulation, leading to increased survival and angiogenic chemokine production, stimulating tumor growth [6, 22, 39].