HIF1A and neoplasm: Through events initiated by low oxygen tension and/or nutrient deprivation caused by tumor cell proliferation [23], hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation leads to increased gene expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors/ decreased expression of anti-angiogenic factors, promotion of adhesion molecule “switching” and metalloproteinase expression that lead to increased cellular motility and invasion that promote metastasis, and enhanced cellular survival/ proliferation [24].