NRAS and colonic neoplasm: Overactivity of PI3K/AKT pathway can be induced by loss of activity of PTEN or by activating mutations in oncogene NRAS. A number of clinical trials using PI3K or AKT inhibitors (AKTi) are ongoing in patients with BRAF wild type (WT), BRAFi-resistant and NRAS-mutant cutaneous melanoma, colon cancer and ovarian carcinoma [28].