WASL and cancer: As we observed a delocalization of N-WASp using the MOM-tagged VCA nanobodies (Fig 2), a decreased binding of Arp2/3 to VCA in the presence of the VCA Nbs (Fig 3), a significant disturbance of invadopodium formation (Fig 5) and a decrease in the overall matrix degradation (Fig 6), we conclude that VCA nanobodies indeed perturb several functions of endogenous N-WASp in these cancer cells.