GAD1 and autoimmune disease: Recent studies have shown that autoantibodies develop and increase, not only in instances of autoimmune diseases and cancer but also in other metabolic and vascular diseases, such as autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and β2-glycoprotein I in atherosclerosis [14,15], heat shock proteins (Hsps) in acute cardiovascular diseases [16], Hsp60 in stroke [17] and GAD in DM [18,19].