TNF and Abnormal intestine morphology: After relieving the obstruction, refractory diarrhea underlying apoptotic enteropathy occurs, persists, and barely responds to immunosuppressive treatments including steroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, sirolimus, tacrolimus, and anti-TNF-α agonists (infliximab and adalimumab) (40, 51), as seen in our patients.