Notably, we observed that BRCA1 expression levels were different between Chinese and non-Chinese (Supplementary Fig. 3, PBonferroni = 1.27 × 10−3), and this intriguingly concurred with the trend that Singapore Chinese possessed an almost 11% higher age-standardized incidence rate for breast cancer compared to Singapore Indians (https://www.nrdo.gov.sg/publications/cancer, NRDO Singapore Cancer Registry Interim Report 2010–2014, accessed 18 August 2016). This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.