IFNG and malaria: In RTS,S-vaccinated children living in a malaria-endemic region, no association was identified between protection and short- or long-duration, CSP-specific IFN-γ or Il-2, ELISPOT levels,56 even though long-duration IFN-γ ELISPOT levels and short-duration IL-2 ELISPOT levels were higher after than before RTS,S vaccination.