Furthermore, it has been reported that the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a type 2 diabetic state is commonly accompanied by a decrease in cellular antioxidant levels and increased apoptosis [5]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.