Healthy human PBMCs also treated with PSP and PHA for 24 h showed upregulated expression of TLR-associated genes, including TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, and LY64 (14), while multiple genes, kinase phosphorylation levels, and proteins in the TLR4 pathway were significantly upregulated by PSP and PHA treatment of PBMCs from breast cancer patients (8). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is breast cancer.