Mean concentrations of IL-1β (0.66 log10 pg/ml; p = 0.003) and IL-12(p70) (0.22 log10 pg/ml; p = 0.024) were significantly increased, and mean concentrations of IP-10 (−0.39 log10 pg/ml; p = 0.046), elafin (−0.26 log10 pg/ml; p = 0.010), and total protein (−0.17 log10 pg/ml; p = 0.026) significantly decreased, at the first BV incident visit (Table 4). Here, PI3 is linked to bacterial vaginosis.