Notably, we identified 3 genes encoding EGFR ligands markedly upregulated in our AKI-to-CKD transition model: immediate early transient expression of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, Hbegf, and more persistent elevation of Areg (amphiregulin) and Nrg1 (neuregulin 1). Here, HBEGF is linked to chronic kidney disease.