Recently, it has been proved that the genetic variant I148M (rs738409) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) was a common mutation and associated with chronic liver disease [31, 32], and carriers of the PNPLA3 148 M allele in obese individuals with or without NAFLD had lower circulating RBP4 concentrations [33]. This evidence concerns the gene RBP4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.