IL6 and HIV infectious disease: HIV infection is characterized by chronic immune dysregulation despite effective ART.[6] High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) remains elevated in patients on ART, possibly signifying persistent immune and endothelial activation.[7–9] Levels of hsCRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer have been shown to predict mortality in black South African HIV-infected patients on ART with preserved CD4+ counts.[10] Furthermore, hsCRP and IL-6 are considered to be potential biomarkers for assessing cardiovascular risk in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients.[8,11,12]