SNCAs recurrent in EACs, but absent in ESCC, were amplifications of VEGFA, ERBB2, GATA6 and CCNE1 and deletion of SMAD4; in contrast, recurrent focal SNCAs in ESCCs included amplifications of SOX2, TERT, FGFR1, MDM2, NKX2-1 and deletion of RB1, VGLL4 and ATG7 [64]. This evidence concerns the gene RB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.