A recent study characterized at molecular level a population of sub-Saharan ESCC and showed in these patients, similar genetic aberrations as those reported in Asian and North American cohorts, including frequent mutations of TP53, CDKN2A, NFE2L2, CHEK2, NOTCH1, FAT1 and FBXW7 [55]. The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.