A recent study characterized at molecular level a population of sub-Saharan ESCC and showed in these patients, similar genetic aberrations as those reported in Asian and North American cohorts, including frequent mutations of TP53, CDKN2A, NFE2L2, CHEK2, NOTCH1, FAT1 and FBXW7 [55]. This evidence concerns the gene FAT1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.