APAF1 and ovarian carcinoma: EV-mediated miR21 transfer from stromal cells including omental CAAs and CAFs to ovarian cancer cells induces resistance to paclitaxel-based chemotherapy by directly targeting the mRNA of apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1), implying inhibition of the stromal-derived miR-21 transfer is an exploitable modality in management of metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer patients (Au Yeung et al., 2016).