VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: Sarpogrelate, a 5-HT2AR antagonist, has been shown to attenuate diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, which decrease the blood glucose level [66], inhibit the release of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) [68], and reduce 5-HT-induced contraction in aortas through the PI3K [66] and Rho kinase [69] pathway, as illustrated in Figure 5.