Furthermore, cytokine profiles in chronic hepatitis B non-HCC patients differed from those of patients with non-viral disease with AUROC = 0.840 (see Supplementary Fig. S3) with leptin, resistin, IL-8, M-CSF, TNF-β, and sFas ligand as the top 6 cytokines with distinguishing levels. Here, RETN is linked to viral load.