In mouse squamous cell carcinoma, a regulatory B-cell subset is involved in the transformation of premalignant lesions and depletion of B cells resulted in improved responses to chemotherapy17; in murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, progression of pancreatic neoplasia is linked to increased infiltration of immunoglobulin or IL-35 secreting B cells18, 19, 33; and in murine castration-resistant prostate cancer, IL-10, and PD-L1 expressing B cells impede T-cell-dependent chemotherapy responses34. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.